52 research outputs found
Exact Pair Production Rate for a Smooth Potential Step
We derive the exact rate of pair production of oppositely charged scalar
particles by a smooth potential proportional to tanh kz in three dimensions. As
a check we recover from this the known results for an infinitely sharp step as
well as for a uniform electric field.Comment: Removed the labels and improved the pape
Application of mathematical modelling methods for acoustic images reconstruction
The article considers the reconstruction of images by Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT). The work compares additive and multiplicative methods for processing signals received from antenna array. We have proven that the multiplicative method gives a better resolution. The study includes the estimation of beam trajectories for antenna arrays using analytical and numerical methods. We have shown that the analytical estimation method allows decreasing the image reconstruction time in case of linear antenna array implementation
Pseudogap phase formation in the crossover from Bose-Einstein condensation to BCS superconductivity
A phase diagram for a 2D metal with variable carrier density has been
derived. It consists of a normal phase, where the order parameter is absent; a
so-called ``abnormal normal'' phase where this parameter is also absent but the
mean number of composite bosons (bound pairs) exceeds the mean number of free
fermions; a pseudogap phase where the absolute value of the order parameter
gradually increases but its phase is a random value, and finally a
superconducting (here Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless) phase. The
characteristic transition temperatures between these phases are found. The
chemical potential and paramagnetic susceptibility behavior as functions of the
fermion density and the temperature are also studied. An attempt is made to
qualitatively compare the resulting phase diagram with the features of
underdoped high- superconducting compounds above their critical
temperature.Comment: 26 pages, revtex, 5 EMTeX figures; more discussion and references
added; to be published in JET
Probability Theory Compatible with the New Conception of Modern Thermodynamics. Economics and Crisis of Debts
We show that G\"odel's negative results concerning arithmetic, which date
back to the 1930s, and the ancient "sand pile" paradox (known also as "sorites
paradox") pose the questions of the use of fuzzy sets and of the effect of a
measuring device on the experiment. The consideration of these facts led, in
thermodynamics, to a new one-parameter family of ideal gases. In turn, this
leads to a new approach to probability theory (including the new notion of
independent events). As applied to economics, this gives the correction, based
on Friedman's rule, to Irving Fisher's "Main Law of Economics" and enables us
to consider the theory of debt crisis.Comment: 48p., 14 figs., 82 refs.; more precise mathematical explanations are
added. arXiv admin note: significant text overlap with arXiv:1111.610
Mathematical Conception of "Phenomenological" Equilibrium Thermodynamics
In the paper, the principal aspects of the mathematical theory of equilibrium
thermodynamics are distinguished. It is proved that the points of degeneration
of a Bose gas of fractal dimension in the momentum space coincide with critical
points or real gases, whereas the jumps of critical indices and the Maxwell
rule are related to the tunnel generalization of thermodynamics. Semiclassical
methods are considered for the tunnel generalization of thermodynamics and also
for the second and ultrasecond quantization (operators of creation and
annihilation of pairs). To every pure gas there corresponds a new critical
point of the limit negative pressure below which the liquid passes to a
dispersed state (a foam). Relations for critical points of a homogeneous
mixture of pure gases are given in dependence on the concentration of gases.Comment: 37 pages, 9 figure, more precise explanations, more references. arXiv
admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1202.525
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